feed questions - 摩洛哥vs克罗地亚赔率

how about lentils?

tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 19:14

question: how about lentils? answer: how about lentils?

answered by on tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 19:14

nope, no there are no gmo lentils anywhere, or any legume or dry bean for that matter. to learn more about lentils, please visit usa pulses.

what kind of apple is gmo

tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 19:07

question: what kind of apple is gmo answer: what kind of apple is gmo

answered by on tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 19:07

like many fruits and vegetables, apples turn brown when they’re bitten, sliced or bruised when damaged flesh is exposed to oxygen. it’s because of an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase (ppo), but one company, arctic^® found a precise way to reduce the amount of ppo in apples. and they’ve used this technique to improve varieties that you already know and love.

there is only one company that makes gmo apples, arctic^®. they come in several varieties, arctic^® golden, arctic^® fuji, and arctic^® granny. look for arctic^® apples packaged as pre-sliced or the dried apple appbits option in your grocery store or online.

if gmo food is so safe, say the experts. why is labeling such foods so hard ? and why is there so much resistance from the corporations creating these foods?

tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 19:03

question: if gmo food is so safe, say the experts. why is labeling such foods so hard ? and why is there so much resistance from the corporations creating these foods? answer: if gmo food is so safe, say the experts. why is labeling such foods so hard ? and why is there so much resistance from the corporations creating these foods?

answered by on tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 19:03

thank you so much for your question. the u.s. department of agriculture has implemented a law to label gmos, called the bioengineered disclosure law. companies have until 2022 to disclose gmo ingredients on food. we have a resource that tells you everything you need to know about gmo labeling in the u.s. the fda also has an educational resource on gmos called feed your mind.

i'm confused why is this bad for us

tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 18:59

question: i'm confused why is this bad for us answer: i'm confused why is this bad for us

answered by on tuesday, june 16, 2020 - 18:59

why do people think gmos are bad? there’s a lot of information out there claiming that gmos are harmful, but be careful what advice you trust because, for some, misinformation pays.

negative information about 'why gmo is bad' is often circulated by people who stand to benefit from shedding a negative light on genetically modified (gm) products. by positioning their own goods as a better, more ‘earth-friendly’ alternative to gmos, they are able to increase their profits.

at 世界杯2022时间安排 , we think it’s important to share accurate information about whether gmos are good or bad so people can make an informed decision. we've created a page that discusses the benefits of gmos, and why some people still think gmos might be bad for them or the environment.

hi. how does gmo affect alergens in food?

friday, august 23, 2019 - 16:23

question: hi. how does gmo affect alergens in food? answer: hi. how does gmo affect alergens in food?

answered by s. liza dunn on friday, august 23, 2019 - 16:23

thank you for your question!

many people ask if gmos cause allergies. in order to address this question during the early years of gm development, the fda decided to evaluate using transgenic methods to introduce dna in plants because some crops (soy) are allergenic. therefore, regulatory requirements were established for evaluating the allergenicity of gm crops (efsa, 2006; codex, 2009; hoekenga et al., 2013). since 1992, over 1300 separate assessments by regulatory agencies around the world have reviewed safety data on various gm crops and concluded that they are as safe as their conventional counterparts. twenty years of data on gm crops have shown that applying transgenic methods to plants does not affect the levels of allergenic proteins native to those crops or added any additional allergenic proteins.

gm crops are rigorously assessed for safety before commercialization (efsa, 2006; codex, 2009; hoekenga et al., 2013). the evaluation includes: 1) the assessment of the whole plant after introduction of the gm trait, and 2) the assessment of the newly expressed gm proteins.

the first query for judging the allergenic potential of the whole gm plant is whether the use of transgenic methods inadvertently increase levels of native allergenic proteins within the plant as a whole and data has shown that applying transgenic methods to plants does not affect the levels of native allergenic proteins and gm crops are as safe as conventionally developed crops.

the second query assesses whether the newly introduced protein has any potential for allergenicity. newly introduced proteins in gm crops are evaluated using a weight-of-evidence approach that addresses the following questions (dunn 2017):

is the source of the gene a known allergenic food?
1. an industry-accepted best practice is to avoid using genes from sources that are known to cause food allergy.

does the amino acid sequence of the newly expressed protein have any structural similarity to known allergenic proteins?
1. new proteins in gm crops are evaluated using bioinformatic tools to compare the amino acid sequence with sequences of all known human allergens (silvanovich et al., 2009; ladics et al., 2011; goodman et al., 2016). the bioinformatic assessment compares the newly expressed protein with a database of ~2000 known allergens.

is the newly expressed protein found in high concentrations in the food?
1. the proteins expressed in the grain of gm crops are typically found at concentrations of 0.1 -100 ppm, which is orders of magnitude lower than concentrations of antigens that cause sensitization. (hammond and cockburn, 2007).

is the expressed protein highly resistant to digestion by pepsin?
1. a feature of proteins that increases the likelihood of producing an allergic reaction is resistance to digestion by enzymes of the gastro-intestinal (gi) tract (astwood et al., 1996; bannon et al., 2003; thomas et al., 2004) . most proteins from the diet are rapidly digested by enzymes, which limits exposure of the gut immune system to potential allergens. codex guidelines require digestibility testing on newly introduced proteins as part of the safety assessment for gm crops.

this degree of testing on gm crops is not required for either conventional or organic crops. given the extent of this testing, we as consumers can be confident that the risk of allergy posed by gm crops is no greater than that of their non-gm counterparts.

references:

astwood, j. d., j. n. leach, and r. l. fuchs. 1996. stability of food allergens to digestion in vitro. nat biotechnol 14: 1269-1273.

bannon, g., t. j. fu, i. kimber, and d. m. hinton. 2003. protein digestibility and relevance to allergenicity. environ health perspect 111: 1122-1124.

codex. 2009. foods derived from modern biotechnology. http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1554e.pdf accessed 28 july 2019.

dunn, s.e. et al. 2017. the allergenicity of genetically modified foods from genetically engineered crops. ann allergy asthma immunol 119: 214-222.

efsa. 2006. guidance document for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed by the scientific panel on genetically modified organisms (gmo) - including draft document updated in 2008. efsa journal 4: 99.

european commission. 2010. a decade of eu-funded gmo research (2001-2010). https://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf accessed 28 july 2019.

fao. 1995. report of the fao technical consultation on food allergies. food and agriculture organization of the united nations, rome, italy.

goodman, r. e. et al. 2016. allergenonline: a peer-reviewed, curated allergen database to assess novel food proteins for potential cross-reactivity. molecular nutrition & food research 60: 1183-1198.

goodman, r. e. et al. 2008. allergenicity assessment of genetically modified crops--what makes sense? nat biotechnol 26: 73-81.

hammond, b. g., and a. cockburn. 2007. the safety assessment of proteins introduced into crops developed through agricultural biotechnology: a consolidated approach to meet current and future needs. in: b. hammond (ed.) food safety of proteins in agricultural biotechnology. p 259-288. crc press.

hoekenga, o. a., j. srinivasan, g. barry, and a. bartholomaeus. 2013. compositional analysis of genetically modified (gm) crops: key issues and future needs. journal of agricultural and food chemistry 61: 8248-8253.

ladics, g. s. et al. 2011. bioinformatics and the allergy assessment of agricultural biotechnology products: industry practices and recommendations. regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : rtp 60: 46-53.

silvanovich, a., g. bannon, and s. mcclain. 2009. the use of e-scores to determine the quality of protein alignments. regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 54: s26-31.

thomas, k. et al. 2004. a multi-laboratory evaluation of a common in vitro pepsin digestion assay protocol used in assessing the safety of novel proteins. regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : rtp 39: 87-98.

what herbicides and pesticides are used in the gmo process?

friday, august 23, 2019 - 16:07

question: answer: what herbicides and pesticides are used in the gmo process?

answered by community manager on friday, august 23, 2019 - 16:07

the most common types of ge crops are developed specifically for insect resistance or herbicide tolerance. by using herbicide-tolerant and pest-resistant gm crops, farmers can often use less toxic and fewer herbicides and pesticides than in other types of production systems. in fact, over the last 20 years, gmos have reduced pesticide spraying by 8.1 percent. as a result, the environmental impact associated with pesticide use on biotech crops has decreased by more than 18 percent.

insect resistant bt (bacillus thuringiensis) crops have been genetically engineered to produce a protein that kills specific target insects – like the european corn borer – when they attack the plant. these proteins only affect specific receptors in the gut of certain target pests and are harmless to humans, mammals and most non-target insects. as a result, farmers are able to apply pesticides in a more targeted way to get rid of the insects that would otherwise damage their crops and decrease yield. indiana farmer brian scott explains that by using bt crops:

“we won't have to come in during the growing season to make a blanket pesticide treatment across the entire field. this means a sprayer is kept out of the field -- meaning it didn't need fuel to power the sprayer or water to carry the chemical. fewer passes across a field also mean less soil compaction in the wheel tracks. and don't forget i didn't buy any chemical or pay an application fee to a custom sprayer. because bt targets specific pests, we are not spraying insecticide on the beneficial insects in our fields.”

additionally, with farmers planting herbicide-tolerant crops, the volume of herbicides used in gm corn crops decreased by nearly 226.3 million kg from 1996 to 2015. the use of one herbicide, glyphosate, has increased as farmers sought to adopt herbicide tolerant crops and to use more benign chemicals on their farms. although the use of one herbicide has increased, this has not led to an increase overall. herbicide tolerant crops enable farmers to till — or turn over and break up the soil — less often. this has increased nutrient-rich organic matter up to 1,800 pounds per acre per year, which has numerous benefits, including better moisture retention, decreased erosion, and fewer greenhouse gas emissions.

in a previous response, lawson mozley, who farms in florida, provides a detailed look into how herbicide resistant gm crops which are resistant to the herbicide glyphosate help him use fewer and less toxic herbicides on his farm.

we hope this answers your question, if you have any other questions about gmos or biotechnology, please ask!

what are the development and widespread use of wheat?

friday, august 23, 2019 - 15:19

question: what are the development and widespread use of wheat? answer: what are the development and widespread use of wheat?

answered by community manager on friday, august 23, 2019 - 15:19

there is no gmo wheat commercially available anywhere in the world. currently, there are just 10 gmo crops commercially available in the u.s. today. those crops are alfalfa, apples, canola, corn (field and sweet), cotton, papaya, potatoes, soybeans, squash and sugar beets.

to learn more about the development of wheat, please visit the national association of wheat growers’ website. you can also find additional information on the complexity of its genome here and here.

below is an infographic from the international wheat genome that illustrates wheats’ importance as a staple food security crop.

we hope this answers your question, if you have any other questions about gmos or biotechnology, please ask!

what ingredients are gmo’d in a product when the product package states “partially produced by genetic engineering???...also why is thehmo’d ingredients not not stated.

friday, august 23, 2019 - 15:07

question: what does "partially produced with genetic engineering" mean? answer: what ingredients are gmo’d in a product when the product package states “partially produced by genetic engineering???...also why is thehmo’d ingredients not not stated.

answered by community manager on friday, august 23, 2019 - 15:07

if the product states it is “produced with genetic engineering” or “partially produced with genetic engineering,” it means that it contains one or more of the 10 genetically modified crops available in the u.s. today, which include: alfalfa, apples, canola, corn (field and sweet), cotton, papaya, potatoes, soybeans, squash and sugar beets.

in december 2018, the united states department of agriculture (usda) finalized the standards for mandatory “gmo” labeling by releasing the “national bioengineered food disclosure standard” (or nbfds). the nbfds establishes the rules of the road for disclosing which foods in the u.s. have been or may have been bioengineered (be) and is enforced by the agricultural marketing service (ams), a sub-agency of the usda. gmo labeling took effect as early as february 2019, but it will become mandatory for all retail food products that are bioengineered or contain bioengineered ingredients by january 1, 2022. you can read more about the usda’s labeling standard here.

until the rule becomes mandatory, some companies have chosen to voluntarily place “produced with genetic engineering” or “partially produced with genetic engineering” labels on their products.

we hope this answers your question. if you have any other questions about gmos or biotechnology, please ask!

hi! i would just like to verify that the crops listed are the only crops currently genetically modified in the us as of april 2019. thank you!

tuesday, june 4, 2019 - 16:44

question: hi! i would just like to verify that the crops listed are the only crops currently genetically modified in the us as of april 2019. thank you! answer: hi! i would just like to verify that the crops listed are the only crops currently genetically modified in the us as of april 2019. thank you!

answered by on tuesday, june 4, 2019 - 16:44

the 10 genetically modified crops available today include: alfalfa, apples, canola, corn (field and sweet), cotton, papaya, potatoes, soybeans, squash and sugar beets.

below is a table outlining what year the ten crops became commercially available:

squash	1995
cotton	1996
soybean	1995
corn	1996
papaya	1997
alfalfa	2006
sugar beets	2006
canola	1999
potato	2016
apple	2017

we hope this answers your question, if you have any other questions about gmos or biotechnology, please ask!

when were gmo’s introduced into our food supply?

tuesday, june 4, 2019 - 16:40

question: when were gmo’s introduced into our food supply? answer: when were gmo’s introduced into our food supply?

answered by on tuesday, june 4, 2019 - 16:40

farmers have grown commercial gm crops for over 20 years, but genetic modification in crops is much older. farmers have been intentionally changing the genetic makeup of all domesticated crops for about 10,000 years. every fruit, vegetable and grain that is commercially available today has been altered by human hands, including organic and heirloom seeds.

then, in the late 20th century, advances in technology enabled us to expand the genetic diversity of crops through genetic engineering; a major result of this was gm seeds. kent bradford, director of the university of california, davis seed biotechnology center explains, "from the scientists’ point of view, [genetic engineering] was just an obvious extension of breeding and crop improvement methods that they were excited to utilize.”

before gm crops, the first gmo in the food supply was an enzyme used for producing cheese, and is present in many organic cheeses as well. until the 1990’s, rennet, the substance that causes milk to coagulate and turn into hard cheese, was primarily harvested from the fourth stomach of young ruminant animals, often calves slaughtered for veal. as demand for cheese increased over time, supply could not be met with traditional animal-produced rennet. scientists were able to fill the void by transferring the chymosin gene into bacteria that could generate large quantities of chymosin, which is a purer, more consistent product than that derived from animal sources, not to mention more environmentally- and animal-friendly.

today, there are 10 commercially available gmo crops in the u.s.: soybeans, corn (field and sweet), canola, cotton, alfalfa, sugar beets, summer squash, papaya, potatoes and apples.

below is a table outlining what year the ten crops became commercially available:

squash	1995
cotton	1996
soybean	1995
corn	1996
papaya	1997
alfalfa	2006
sugar beets	2006
canola	1999
potato	2016
apple	2017

we hope this answers your question, if you have any other questions about gmos or biotechnology, please ask!